Shrimp and fish are cold-blooded species (poikilotherm). Their temperature changes according to the external environment. This is different from human body temperature as we are warm-blooded, or homeothermic. Temperature especially…
Good water quality by proper management will help prevent shrimp diseases and create an environment for better growth and higher survival rate. Factor Measurement device Test time Turbidity Secchi disk…
Ammonia (NH3/NH4+): Ammonia (NH3/NH4+) occurs because of: • The use of feed for shrimp, fish and aquatic animals • The decomposition of organic matter in water under the affect of…
In aquaculture water, there are 5 groups of microorganisms and algae: • Algae – phytoplankton (algae)• Bacteria• Fungal spores (fungi)• Viruses• Zooplankton Common groups of algae in aquaculture ponds: •…
Water hardness measures the content of water-soluble minerals. They are mainly salts containing calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+). Water hardness is measured by a TDS meter. TDS stands…
Plankton, algae, dead algae or soil and inorganic particles in water created turbidity. Turbidity is measured by the Secchi disk. Turbidity of water is suitable for shrimp if Secchi disk…
In water, ammonia (NH3) exists in equilibrium with dissolved ammonium ions (NH4+). TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) is the total amount of nitrogen in the forms of NH3 and NH4+ in…
H2S (hydrogen sulfide) is a toxic gas, is formed in anaerobic conditions. In water, H2S (gas) exists in equilibrium with the form HS- ion. If pH is low, the form…
Total alkalinity is the total amount of sodium bicarbonate (HCO3–) and carbonate (CO32-) in water, converted into mg/L (ppm) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Water alkalinity for black tiger prawn farming:…